Confronting the Palestine Exception of the American Historical Association

Juan Cole

Statement by US Scholars Speak:

Amid pivotal elections underway, a growing coalition of historians are demanding accountability for war crimes in Gaza and election interference at the oldest historical association in the United States.

Preface

The American Historical Association (AHA) was founded in 1884, a time of continuing dispossession, displacement, and assault on Indigenous peoples; systematic discrimination and violence targeting Black, immigrant, and other marginalized communities; and when women were denied the right to vote. The early AHA was often complicit in such exclusionary practices, with non-US and non-European histories relegated to the association’s sidelines. Thanks to the intergenerational struggle of students and scholars to hold the AHA accountable to higher standards, the association has come a long way since. In recognition of that continuing struggle at the AHA in its 142nd year, the first 142 historians to endorse our statement below are listed at the bottom of this page. US Scholars Speak strongly encourages all AHA members to Vote in the AHA Elections currently underway (closes July 15, 2026).

_

STATEMENT

In January 2007, the American Historical Association (AHA) approved an official statement of enduring significance to all AHA members entitled Guiding Principles on Taking a Public Stance. “In a wide range of situations,” the statement declares, “the AHA has the responsibility to take public stands.” Among the foremost examples given are “When public or private authorities, in the United States or elsewhere, threaten the preservation of or free access to historical sources.”

Over the past two years, the majority of the AHA’s sixteen-member Council (and in 2026 its smaller six-person Executive Committee) has utterly failed to uphold this responsibility with regard to events in Gaza. Furthermore, it has undermined its own democratic principles in its exceptionalist treatment of the Resolution to Oppose Scholasticide in Gaza, and most recently, in its attempts to cast a shadow over the candidacy of some of the resolution’s many supporters to positions of institutional responsibility.

We, the undersigned historians and historical practitioners, write to urge the AHA’s membership to vote their consciences in this year’s elections and hold the association accountable to higher standards than its leadership has demonstrated in confronting one of the gravest moral challenges of our time.

Background: The AHA on genocide and scholasticide

The AHA Council has itself recognized that “Numerous AHA members as well as international humanitarian and human rights groups have concluded that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.” It is not our task to restate that case in any detail here. The International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) has already done so in an August 2025 resolution overwhelmingly backed by participating members (and, notably, not vetoed by its Executive Board), which concluded that the Israeli government’s conduct in Gaza meets the legal definition of genocide under the 1948 UN Convention. We note the IAGS resolution and similar authoritative studies by experts dispel the Netanyahu administration’s repeated genocide denials, including its feeble claims to necessity or self-defense; professed aversion to harming Palestinian civilians; or stated goal of rescuing Israeli hostages taken in the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks.

US supplied and replenished the majority of Israel’s arsenal, provided extensive intelligence, strategic, and auxiliary support, and offered repeated political and diplomatic cover to the Netanyahu government (including vetoing UN Security Council resolutions condemning Israel’s conduct), these charges of genocide are directly and profoundly relevant for an association of American scholars and educators. Yet the AHA Council has failed to put forward a single resolution or statement of its own condemning an ongoing genocide in Gaza. In still more concerning moves, the Council has now twice vetoed resolutions passed by AHA members that condemn a war crime of special concern to educators: scholasticide, defined by the UN as the systemic obliteration of a society’s institutions of learning through the arrest, detention or killing of teachers, students, and staff and the destruction of educational infrastructure. As AHA members are well aware, over the past two years a Resolution to Oppose Scholasticide in Gaza has been proposed by fellow members, first by the AHA affiliate society Historians for Peace and Democracy (HPAD) in 2025, and then by a coalition of scholars including HPAD, the Palestinian Historians Group, and Historians for Palestine (H4P). The resolution was overwhelmingly endorsed at AHA business meetings in January 2025 (by 82% of attendees) and again in January 2026 (by 79% of attendees). The Council’s successive vetoes–issued by most but not all of its 16 members–and its refusal to let the general membership even to vote on the resolution therefore represented both an overturning of its own democratic processes and a unilateral declaration of institutional priorities directly at odds with the clearly expressed positions of voting members.

Unfortunately, this was not the end of its deeply troubling interventions.

Today: Institutional interference in the 2026 AHA elections

On May 26, 2026, the Executive Committee–six officers consisting of the AHA’s Past President, Current President, and President-Elect, plus three Vice Presidents–issued an unprecedented message to the entire AHA membership on the eve of the association’s elections scheduled for June 1–July 15. First, the Executive Committee justified the Council’s aforementioned vetoes by claiming that the Scholasticide resolution “would have bound the AHA to actions, language, and commitments that lay outside our congressionally chartered mission and would have jeopardized our nonprofit and nonpartisan status.” It then made the prejudicial decision of “alerting” voters to the “implications” of electing some candidates—specifically those nominated by a HPAD petition in partnership with the Palestinian Historians Group and H4P, an entirely proper path to the ballot per the AHA’s own bylaws and procedures. In explaining its vetoes and defending its interference in the 2026 electoral process, the Executive Committee wholly failed to make a convincing case.

We wish to briefly remind our readers of some basic facts compelling the Resolution to Oppose Scholasticide. In September 2025, the US humanitarian agency Save the Children concluded that Israeli forces had killed over 20,000 Palestinian children in Gaza since late 2023. In the same month, the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities reported at least 21,000 Palestinian children were left permanently disabled by Israeli attacks in the territory. During the same period, as documented by numerous witnesses and detailed in the resolution, the Israeli military razed every one of Gaza’s 12 universities and more than 90 percent of its schools, leaving at least 625,000 children with no educational access. In addition, Israeli forces have destroyed nearly all Palestinian archives, libraries, museums, cultural centers and bookstores in the territory, including 195 heritage sites, 230 mosques and churches, and the unparalleled al-Aqsa University library, which preserved critical manuscripts, records, and other valuable materials related to the history and culture of Gaza and Palestine more broadly. In the face of such catastrophic violence and destruction—carried out with US weapons and political support—we might well ask: Why exactly is a resolution condemning Israeli violence in Gaza, calling for a permanent ceasefire, and forming a committee to assist in rebuilding Gaza’s educational infrastructure beyond the AHA’s mission of “defending the rights of historians to research and teach honest, expert history”? 

The Council’s successive vetoes of the Gaza resolutions, and its subsequent attempts to defend those vetoes, are utterly inconsistent with the AHA’s Guiding Principles on Taking a Public Stance cited at the opening of this essay. They also illustrate a glaring double standard when set alongside past statements issued by the Counciland grounded in the same moral and professional commitment to protect historians and historical sources. Among these were the AHA Council’s decisions to “strongly condemn” a Polish law criminalizing public discussion of Polish complicity in Nazi war crimes (February 2018) and to “condemn in the strongest possible terms” Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (February 2022). Even closer to home, the same moral commitment led the AHA to condemn the US war in Iraq and “war on terror” in its landmark Resolution on US Government Practices Inimical to the Values of the Historical Profession (March 2007). The latter urged all AHA members to “take a public stand as citizens on behalf of the values necessary to the practice of our profession”; to condemn “interrogation techniques at Guantanamo, Abu-Ghraib, Bagram, and other locations incompatible with respect for the dignity of all persons”; and to “do whatever they can to bring the Iraq war to a speedy conclusion” – positions that surely also require a public reckoning with the US-abetted devastation of Gaza. Nothing in the AHA’s charter, then, precludes using the association’s authority publicly to comment on questions of overriding moral and professional concern. Why is the destruction of Palestinian lives, historical sites, and educational infrastructure deemed less worthy of censure?

The Executive Committee’s actions with respect to the current AHA elections are still more disturbing. In the first instance, its decision to use its institutional resources and official voice to warn against particular candidates running in a procedurally sound election is reprehensible, akin to an incumbent administration making use of public resources to distribute campaign materials against its opponents. Adding insult to injury, the Executive Committee’s commentary, in which it compares itself to the American Red Cross and likens HPAD to the National Rifle Association, is, to say the least, offensive and in poor taste. If it is interested in aligning with humanitarian actors, we respectfully urge our current Executive Committee to watch The Voice of Hind Rajab (2025), an Oscar-nominated film about the work of the Palestinian Red Crescent—sister organization to the American Red Cross—in Gaza over the past three years.

Photo of Gaza 2025 by Mohammed Ibrahim on Unsplash

Voting (y)our conscience: The AHA Democracy Slate

To our colleagues citing the Trump administration’s attack on U.S. universities and honest history as an institutional priority: we honor that struggle and also note that the 2026 Democracy Slate endorsed by HPAD, H4P, and the Palestinian Historians Group are entirely supportive of the AHA Council’s efforts in this domain, including the lawsuit to restore NEH funding led by the ACLS. As should be clear by now, this is a group of academics unwilling to self-censor, concede fundamental ethical principles, or capitulate to intimidation of any kind.

As for the Executive Committee’s dubious claims that the Resolution to Oppose Scholasticide contributes to “internal infighting” or somehow weakens resolve against federal threats to our profession: we refuse to accept such a devil’s bargain, with its implication that Palestinian lives and history must be sacrificed in the name of immediate political expediency and to individual and institutional comfort. Indeed, we are appalled by the Executive Committee’s recent actions, which appear designed to sidestep a basic moral and professional imperative that should guide all historians witnessing acts of genocide and scholasticide: to oppose such brutality and historical destruction as vigorously as possible.

Unless the current AHA Executive Committee is claiming itself as an independent authority on genocide, it would do well to heed the world’s leading experts on the subject, including the International Association of Genocide Scholars and the UN Human Rights Council. At the very least, it must refrain from disparaging principled opposition to genocide and scholasticide in Gaza as “political”, “aggressive”, or “antagonistic,” as it did on the eve of AHA elections currently underway. In doing so, the Executive Committee has not only publicly associated the AHA with a craven institutional silence on a genocide and scholasticide unfolding in real time, but has also actively suppressed and obstructed an academic and democratic movement for accountability. For all these reasons, the AHA Executive Committee owes the Palestinian Historians Group, HPAD, and the entire AHA membership—so many of whom clearly understand the moral stakes of this moment—a public apology and a restatement of its commitments to both a genuinely democratic electoral process and a clear moral stance against genocide and scholasticide.

Five-year old Hind Rajab and 20,000 other Palestinian children like her are dead. Every university in Gaza has been flattened; hundreds of schools, archives, and libraries have been burned to the ground. But by demanding real accountability from our leaders and ourselves, we can help save Palestinian lives, educational institutions, and historical sources that have survived and endured against seemingly insurmountable odds, and despite the unforgivable silence of the American Historical Association to date. At risk now are not only the Palestinian people and Gaza’s history—and those are stakes high enough—but the AHA’s integrity as a professional and historical association.

END OF STATEMENT

_

HISTORIANS: TO SIGN THIS STATEMENT, CLICK HERE

SIGNATORIES

In alphabetical order, with affiliations for identification only. All sign as individuals and not as representatives of any university, department, or administrative position.

1. Osama W. Abi-Mershed, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University
2. Ervand Abrahamian, Professor Emeritus of History, City University of New York
3. Ziad Abu-Rish, Associate Professor of Human Rights and Middle Eastern Studies, Bard College
4. Greg Afinogenov, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University
5. Faiz Ahmed, Joukowsky Family Distinguished Associate Professor of Modern Middle Eastern History, Brown University
6. Leslie M. Alexander, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Professor of History, Department of History, Rutgers University
7. Ali Anooshahr, Professor of History, University of California, Davis
8. Zayde Antrim, Professor of History and International Studies, Trinity College
9. Beth Baron, Distinguished Professor of History, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York
10. Yesenia Barragan, Associate Professor of History, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
11. Omer Bartov, Dean’s Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Brown University
12. Joel Beinin, Donald J. McLachlan Professor of History and Professor of Middle East History, Emeritus, Stanford University
13. Arbella Bet-Shlimon, Associate Professor of History, University of Washington
14. Houri Berberian, Chancellor’s Professor of History, University of California, Irvine
15. Juan Cobo Betancourt, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
16. Martha Biondi, Professor of Black Studies and History, Northwestern University
17. Fahad Ahmad Bishara, Associate Professor of History, University of Virginia
18. Palmira Brummett, Professor of History, Emerita, University of Tennessee
19. Rosie Bsheer, Frederick S. Danziger Associate Professor of History, Harvard University
20. Holly Case, Professor of History, Brown University
21. Caroline Castiglione, Professor of Italian Studies and History, Brown University
22. Verónica Castillo-Muñoz, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
23. Sidney Chalhoub, Professor of History and of African and African American Studies, Harvard University
24. Miroslava Chávez-García, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
25. Utathya Chattopadhyaya, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
26. Juan Cole, Richard P. Mitchell Distinguished University Professor of History, University of Michigan
27. Belinda Davis, Professor of History, Rutgers University, New Brunswick
28. Corrie Decker, Professor of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies, University of California, Davis
29. Lauren (Robin) Derby, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles
30. Jennifer L. Derr, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Cruz
31. Alan Shane Dillingham, Associate Professor of History, School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Arizona State University
32. Beshara Doumani, Professor of History and Mahmud Darwish Professor of Palestinian Studies, Brown University
33. Theodora Dryer, Historian, New York University
34. Esmat Elhalaby, Assistant Professor of Transnational History, University of Toronto
35. Ahmed El Shamsy, Professor, University of Chicago
36. Betsy Esch, Associate Professor, American Studies, University of Kansas
37. Khaled Fahmy, Professor of History and Edward Keller Professor of North Africa and the Middle East, Tufts University
38. Aria Fani, Associate Professor, Elahé Omidyar Mir-Djalali Professorship in Persian and Iranian Studies, University of Washington
39. Stacy D. Fahrenthold, Professor of History and Middle East/South Asia Studies, University of California, Davis
40. Melissa Feinberg, Professor of History, Rutgers University
41. Heather Ferguson, Associate Professor of History, Claremont McKenna College
42. Joan Flores-Villalobos, Associate Professor of History, University of Southern California
43. Cecilia Méndez Gastelumendi, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
44. Linda Gordon, University Professor of History and the Humanities, NYU
45. Karen Graubart, Professor of History, University of Notre Dame
46. Vladimir Hamed-Troyansky, Associate Professor of Global Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
47. Françoise Hamlin, Associate Professor of History & Africana Studies, Brown University
48. Shah Mahmoud Hanifi, Professor of History, James Madison University
49. Will Hanley, Associate Professor of History, Florida State University
50. Huricihan Islamoglu, Professor of Economic History, Boğaziçi University
51. Samantha Iyer, Associate Professor of History, Fordham University
52. Maurice Jackson, Professor of History and Black Studies, Georgetown University
53. Aaron Jakes, Associate Professor of History, University of Chicago
54. Michael R. Jin, Associate Professor of Global Asian Studies and History, University of Illinois Chicago
55. Gaye Theresa Johnson, Associate Professor of Black Studies and Director, UCSB Blum Center on Poverty, Inequality, and Democracy
56. Walter Johnson, Winthrop Professor of History and Professor of African and African American Studies, Harvard University
57. Toby C. Jones, Associate Professor of History, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
58. Moon-Ho Jung, Professor of History, University of Washington
59. Hilary Kalisman, Associate Professor of History and Endowed Professor of Israel/Palestine Studies at the Program in Jewish Studies, University of Colorado Boulder 
60. Temma Kaplan Distinguished, Professor of History, Emerita, Rutgers University
61. Rebecca E. Karl, Professor of History, New York University
62. Robin D. G. Kelley, Distinguished Professor of History and Gary B. Nash Endowed Chair in U.S. History, UCLA
63. Kevin Kenny, Professor of History, NYU
64. Rashid Khalidi, Edward Said Professor Emeritus of Modern Arab Studies, Columbia University
65. Osamah Khalil, Professor of History, Syracuse University, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
66. Akram Khater, Khayrallah Distinguished Professor of Lebanese Diaspora Studies, North Carolina State University
67. Arash Khazeni, Professor of History, Pomona College
68. Ilham Khuri-Makdisi, Associate Professor of History, Northeastern University
69. Monica Kim, Associate Professor of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison
70. Roger Kittleson, Professor of History, Williams College
71. Shira Klein, Associate Professor of History, Chapman University
72. Karen Kupperman, Silver Professor of History Emerita, New York University
73. Scott Laderman, Professor of History, University of Minnesota, Duluth
74. Brian Lander, Associate Professor of History and Environment and Society, Brown University
75. Dennis Laumann, Professor of African and African Diasporic History, University of Memphis
76. Andrew H. Lee, Historian, Author, and Curator Emeritus, New York University
77. Jacob F. Lee, Associate Professor of History, Penn State University
78. Zachary Lockman, Professor of History, New York University
79. Ussama Makdisi, Professor of History and Chancellor’s Chair, University of California, Berkeley
80. Sean L. Malloy, Professor of History and Critical Race and Ethnic Studies, UC Merced
81. Maddalena Marinari, Professor of History and Dorothy Peterson, Mildred Peterson Hanson, and Arthur Jennings Hanson Endowed Professor of Liberal Studies, Gustavus Adolphus College
82. Katherine Marino, Associate Professor of History, UCLA
83. Afshin Matin-asgari, Professor of History, Cal State University, Los Angeles
84. José Juan Pérez Meléndez, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Davis
85. James Millward, Professor of Inter-Societal History, Georgetown University
86. Mostafa Minawi, Professor of History, Cornell University
87. Farina Mir, Professor of History and Honors, and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, University of Michigan
88. Susan Morrissey, Professor of History, University of California, Irvine
89. Dirk Moses, Spitzer Professor of International Relations, City College of New York
90. Elias Muhanna, Associate Professor of History and Comparative Literature, Brown University
91. Stephennie Mulder, Associate Professor, Department of Art and Art History, University of Texas at Austin
92. Maha Nassar, Associate Professor of Modern Middle East History and Islamic Studies, University of Arizona
93. Rebecca Nedostup, Associate Professor of History and East Asian Studies, Brown University
94. Golnar Nikpour, Associate Professor of History, Dartmouth College
95. Mary Nolan, Professor of History emerita, New York University
96. Elizabeth O’Brien, Associate Professor of History, UCLA
97. Alice O’Connor, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
98. Annelise Orleck, Professor of History, Dartmouth College
99. Emily Owens, Associate Professor of History, Brown University
100. A. Naomi Paik, Associate Professor of Global Asian Studies and Criminology, Law and Justice, University of Illinois Chicago
101. Kim Phillips-Fein, Professor of History, Columbia University
102. Margaret Power, Professor of History Emeritus, Illinois Institute of Technology
103. Teresa Prados-Torreira, Professor of History, Columbia College Chicago
104. Mezna Qato, Margaret Anstee Fellow, Newnham College, University of Cambridge
105. Erika Rappaport, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
106. Paul Renfro, Professor of History-Aug 2026, Florida State University
107. Laura Robson, Elihu Professor of Global Affairs and History, Yale University
108. Daniel A. Rodríguez, Associate Professor of History, Brown University
109. David Roediger, Foundation Distinguished Professor, Department of History, University of Kansas
110. Ellen Ross, Professor of History Emerita, Ramapo College of New Jersey
111. Doug Rossinow, Professor, Department of Ethnic, Gender, Historical, and Philosophical Studies, Metro State University
112. Jasamin Rostam-Kolayi, Professor of History, California State University Fullerton
113. Adam Sabra, Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
114. Dana Sajdi, Associate Professor of History, Boston College
115. Tomás F. Summers Sandoval Jr., Professor of History & Latinx Studies, Pomona College
116. Andrew Sartori, Professor of History, New York University
117. Daniel Segal, Jean M. Pitzer Professor Emeritus of Anthropology and Professor Emeritus of History, Pitzer College of the Claremont Colleges
118. Raz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies and Endowed Professor in the Study of Modern Genocide, Stockton University
119. Sherene Seikaly, Associate Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
120. Jennifer D. Selwyn, PhD, Retired History Lecturer, California State University, Sacramento and Portland State University
121. Elyse Semerdjian, Professor of History, Clark University
122. Mitra Sharafi, Evjue-Bascom Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School
123. Naoko Shibusawa, Associate Professor of History, Brown University
124. Ahmad Shokr, Associate Professor of History, Swarthmore College
125. Joel Sipress, Professor of History, University of Wisconsin-Superior
126. Dale J. Stahl, Associate Professor of History, University of Colorado Denver
127. Andrea Stanton, Professor of Islamic Studies, University of Denver
128. Lior Sternfeld, Associate Professor of History and Jewish Studies, Penn State University
129. Baki Tezcan, Professor of History, University of California, Davis
130. Barry Trachtenberg, Rubin Presidential Chair of Jewish History, Wake Forest University
131. Judith E. Tucker, Professor of History Emerita, Georgetown University
132. Aro Velmet, Associate Professor of History, University of Southern California
133. Pamela Voekel, Associate Professor of History, Dartmouth College
134. Karine Walther, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University-Qatar
135. Barbara Weinstein, Silver Professor of History, New York University
136. Kirsten Weld, Professor of History, Harvard University
137. Michael O. West, Professor of African American Studies, History, and African Studies, Penn State University
138. John M. Willis, Associate Professor of History, University of Colorado, Boulder
139. Gabriel Winant, Associate Professor of History and the College, University of Chicago
140. Jonathan Wyrtzen, Professor of History, Yale University
141. David Yaghoubian, Professor of History, California State University, San Bernardino
142. Mir Yarfitz, Associate Professor of History and Affiliated Faculty in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Wake Forest University The 142+‍ ‍Having briskly surpassed our initial goal of signatories, colleagues still wishing to sign are urged to do so and shall be added below in alphabetical order.‍ Last updated July 5, 2026 ‍
143. Mustafa Aksakal, Associate Professor of History, Georgetown University
144. Andrew Arsan, Professor of Arab and Global History, University of Cambridge
145. Nadim Bawalsa, PhD, New York University, and Editor, Institute for Palestine Studies, Washington DC
146. Faisal Chaudhry, Assistant Professor of Law and History, University of Massachusetts
147. Shannan Clark, Associate Professor of History, Montclair State University
148. Joshua Donovan, Instructor of History and Social Science, Phillips Academy
149. Julia Gettle, Lecturer, New Mexico State University
150. April Haynes, Professor of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison
151. Christina Heatherton, Associate Professor of American Studies, Everett and Joanne Elting Associate Professor for Human Rights and Global Citizenship, Trinity College
152. Adnan A. Husain, Associate Professor of Medieval Mediterranean and Islamicate World History, Queen’s University (Ontario)
153. Kimberly Katz, Professor of Middle East History, Towson University
154. Sam Klug, Assistant Teaching Professor of History, Loyola University Maryland
155. Elaine LaFay, Assistant Professor of History, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
156. Priya Lal, Associate Professor of History, Boston College
157. Crystal Luo, Assistant Professor of Asian American History, Georgetown University
158. Edward Miller, Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies, Dartmouth College
159. Aseel Najib, Assistant Professor of History, Dartmouth College
160. Alan Parkes, Assistant Professor of History, Longwood University
161. Samantha Payne, Assistant Professor of History, University of Chicago
162. L.H. Roper, SUNY Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus, State University of New York–New Paltz
163. Louis Segal, PhD in History alum, University of California, Davis and Adjunct Instructor in Latin American History
164. Zach Sell, Assistant Professor of Africana Studies, University of Notre Dame
165. Lauren Lassabe Shepherd, Independent Historian
166. Asheesh Kapur Siddique, Associate Professor of History, University of Massachusetts-Amherst
167. Ula Taylor, Professor of African American Studies & African Diaspora Studies, University of California, Berkeley
168. Murat C Yildiz, Associate Professor of History, Skidmore College
169. Alden Young, Associate Professor of History and Global Affairs, Yale University
170. Vazira Zamindar, Associate Professor of History, Brown University
171. And growing..

Juan Cole is the founder and chief editor of Informed Comment. He is Richard P. Mitchell Distinguished University Professor in the History Department at the University of Michigan He is author of, among many other books, Muhammad: Prophet of Peace amid the Clash of Empires and The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Follow him on Twitter at @jricole or the Informed Comment Facebook Page

You can also make a donation to our PayPal or subscribe to our Patreon.

Please share this story and help us grow our network!

• Facebook
• X
• LinkedIn
• Mail
• Mastodon
• WhatsApp
• Reddit